Course description
This course is designed to introduce students to theories of democratic transition and consolidation. Students will engage in discussions over how democracy is defined, what conditions facilitate its emergence, what factors influence its long-term success or failure, and what are the relative merits of economic, cultural, and institutional explanations for both transitions from authoritarian rule and consolidation of democracy.

By the end of the course, students should acquire basic knowledge regarding several topics of debate in democratic theories, as well as factors which promote or hinder democratic consolidation.

Students are expected to read the assigned materials for each session, and actively participate in class. Students are required to make a presentation at least once during the semester, not only summarizing the readings but also making critiques and raising questions for class discussion. Details of this and other assignments will be given in class.

Course outline
- conceptualizing democracy
- types of democracy
- waves of democratization
- 'transition paradigm'
- defining democratic consolidation
- prerequisites for democratization?
- economic development and democratization
- attitudes of citizens in new democracies
- the role of ruling elites in democratization
- how institutions affect durability of democracy
- external influences
- regional case studies: east Asia; Middle East

Evaluation
25% attendance and participation
20% reading summaries and critiques
20% in-class presentation
35% term paper

Readings
Philippe C. Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl (1991). What Democracy is... and is not. Journal of Democracy 2(3): 75-88
David Collier and Robert Adcock (1999). Democracy and Dichotomies: A Pragmatic Approach to Choices About Concepts. Annual Review of Political Science 2: 537-565
Guillermo A. O'Donnell (1994). Delegative Democracy. Journal of Democracy 5(1): 55-69
Samuel P. Huntington (1991). Democracy's Third Wave. Journal of Democracy 2(2): 12-34
Larry Diamond (1996). Is the Third Wave Over? Journal of Democracy 7(3): 20-37
Thomas Carothers (2005). The End of the Transition Paradigm. Journal of Democracy 13(1): 5-21
Fareed Zakaria (1997). The Rise of Illiberal Democracy. Foreign Affairs 76(6): 22-43
Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan (1996). Toward Consolidated Democracies. Journal of Democracy 7(2): 14-33
Andreas Schedler (1998). What is Democratic Consolidation? Journal of Democracy 9(2): 91-107
Dankwart A. Rustow (1970). Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model. Comparative Politics 2(3): 337-363
Seymour Martin Lipset (1959). Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy. American Political Science Review 53(1): 69-105
Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman (1997). The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. Comparative Politics 29(3): 263-283
Dietrich Rueschmeyer, Evelyne H. Stephens, John Stephens (2000). 'Capitalist Development and Democracy' in Stephen K. Sanderson (ed.), Sociological Worlds: Comparative and Historical Readings on Society. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. [available at http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.457.8382&rep=rep1&type=pdf]
Richard I. Hofferbert and Hans-Dieter Klingemann (1999). Remembering the bad old days: Human rights, economic conditions, and democratic performance in transitional regimes. European Journal of Political Research 36(2): 155-174
William Mishler and Richard Rose (1996). Trajectories of Fear and Hope: Support for Democracy in Post-Communist Europe. Comparative Political Studies 28(4): 553-581
John Higley and Michael G. Burton (1989). The Elite Variable in Democratic Transitions and Breakdowns. American Sociological Review 54(1): 17-32
Juan J. Linz (1990). The Perils of Presidentialism. Journal of Democracy 1(1): 51-69
Alfred Stepan and Cindy Skach (1993). Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus Presidentialism. World Politics 46(1): 1-22
Daniel Brinks and Michael Coppedge (2006). Diffusion Is No Illusion: Neighbor Emulation in the Third Wave of Democracy. Comparative Political Studies 39(4): 463-489
Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way (2005). International Linkage and Democratization. Journal of Democracy 16(3): 20-34
Yu-tzung Chang, Yun-han Chu and Chong-min Park (2007). Authoritarian Nostalgia in Asia. Journal of Democracy 18(3): 66-80
Mark R. Thompson (2001). Whatever Happened to "Asian Values"? Journal of Democracy 12(4): 154-165
Raymond Hinnebusch (2006). Authoritarian Persistence, Democratization Theory and the Middle East: An Overview and Critique. Democratization 13(3): 373-395
Holger Albrecht and Oliver Schlumberger (2004). ‘Waiting for Godot’: Regime Change Without Democratization in the Middle East. International Political Science Review 25(4): 371-392